Keller was charged with knowingly entering or remaining in a restricted building or property without legal authority, violent entry and disorderly conduct on Capitol grounds, and obstructing law enforcement engaged in official duties related to civil disorder, according to documents that have been filed with the US District Court in Washington, DC.
It is unclear whether Keller has a lawyer or whether he is in custody.
CNN has not been able to contact Keller for comment.
He is best known for anchoring the winning US team in the 4×200 meter freestyle relay at the 2004 Athens Olympics, where he held off Australia’s gold medalist Ian Thorpe.
The court documents also show that investigations revealed that Keller was identified by media outlets such as SwimSwam, which relate to competitive swimming.
Matthew R. Barofsky, FBI special agent, wrote in court documents that he confirmed Keller’s identity by comparing photos of him with his Colorado driver’s license.
The photos from the Capitol also show that Keller is wearing a US Olympic team jacket and “appears to be one of the tallest persons,” Barofsky writes in his statement of facts. Keller is 1.85 meters tall.
In a statement, USA Swimming told CNN, “We respect the right of individuals and groups to protest peacefully, but in no way condone the actions taken by those in the Capitol last week.”
The United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee said it condemned the rioters’ actions.
“We support the right to protest peacefully and to express values and views in a respectful and lawful way – that’s what makes our democracy strong. Unfortunately, that didn’t happen in this case,” the organization said in a statement.
Correction: An earlier headline in this story incorrectly stated Keller’s status. He has been charged and an arrest warrant has been issued against him. CNN has not confirmed whether he has been arrested.
CNN’s Kevin Dotson contributed to this report.