Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 cause real problems by discouraging some people from getting vaccinated, wearing masks, or following other guidelines. Some bizarre theories about the virus have prompted believers to set fire to 5G cell towers, closure of vaccination clinics or even ingest poisons touted as cures
Experts in misinformation and psychology interviewed by The Associated Press offer several tips for individuals wondering how to talk to friends or family who believe conspiracy theories about COVID-19. This is what they suggest:
LISTEN, DON’T PREACH: Believers in conspiracy theories are unlikely to be influenced by people who mock their views. Rather than lecturing, listen and ask questions about how they became interested in conspiracy theory, where they got their information, and whether they considered other explanations. Take the conversation offline if possible.
KEEP CALM: Arguing with someone about conspiracy theories will likely only result in higher blood pressure. Remember, some people won’t change their mind no matter what you say, and arguing about the proven benefits of wearing masks or vaccines probably won’t convince them.
CHANGE THE TOPIC: Bring up shared experiences and interests to help the person focus on personal connections. If someone is dwelling on the conspiracy theory, politely say you’d rather talk about something else.
As for increasing your own defenses against conspiracy theories and misinformation about the virus (or any other topic), experts suggest the following:
EXPAND YOUR MEDIA DIET: Checking out a variety of news sources – including some mainstream local, national, and international outlets – is the best way to stay up to date and avoid rabbit holes of misinformation and conspiracy theories. Don’t rely solely on social media for your news.
CHECK SOURCES: See who wrote the content and who is quoted in it. Have they been mentioned? Do they have a position or experience that makes their claims credible? Are other points of view expressed in the article? Beware of insider claims, anonymous internet posters, or anyone citing rumors as fact. Also check the dates: Sellers of misinformation often post old photos or news stories and claim they are new.
BE AWARE OF CONTENT THAT PLAYS ON EMOTIONS: Misinformation and conspiracy theories often use anger, fear, or other emotions. Be careful with content that contains strongly emotional language, or that appears to be intended to anger you. If you’re reading something that really gets you excited, wait for your emotions to cool down before reposting or sending it to friends.
CHECK EXTRAORDINARY CLAIMS: If you read something that makes an incredible claim – one that seems too good, too awful, or too weird to be true – check to see if it’s reported elsewhere. If it’s an important story, other outlets will confirm the details. Beware of explosive claims if they are submitted only on one website or by one social media user.
GO OFFLINE: The pandemic has been a time of heightened stress and anxiety for everyone, and there are many legitimate questions about the virus. Experts say healthy habits such as exercise, meditation, positive relationships, volunteering, and even hobbies can ease some of the anxiety – and make us more resistant to misinformation and conspiracy theories that exploit our fear or anger.