More than 283.5 million doses of coronavirus vaccines were administered worldwide on Saturday morning, with nearly 60.6 million people receiving the full two-dose regimen. An increasing number of studies have provided additional data on vaccine efficacy in recent weeks. Israel has shown that the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine works just as well in practice as it does in clinical trials. The vaccine effectively prevents severe COVID-19, hospitalizations and deaths – even when faced with the British mutation. Researchers in the UK have come to similar conclusions and provide efficacy data for people who have received just one dose of the Pfizer or AstraZeneca / Oxford drugs. Separately, studies have shown that survivors of COVID-19 get the same immune response after one dose as people who have never had COVID-19 get from two doses.
After nearly three months of vaccinations in North America, Europe, Israel and other countries, it is also clear that the side effects are minimal. The most common side effects are injection site pain and brief flu-like symptoms, especially after the second dose. But researchers have learned more details about the side effects of the coronavirus vaccine in recent months. Now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have just updated their vaccine guidelines with three adverse effects that people should be aware of.
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Just a few days ago, researchers warned people that a specific mild side effect of the COVID-19 vaccine could occur a few days after the first or second dose, rather than immediately: skin problems, including redness and rashes. These side effects were seen after the Moderna shots – especially after the first dose. They are not a cause for concern, and they tend to go away on their own within a few days.
The CDC made a few changes to its coronavirus vaccine guidelines on Friday, adding three new side effects to the list. Initially, the agency described six possible side effects. Two are local (pain and swelling) and four are systemic (fever, chills, fatigue, and headache), as seen below.
The new guidelines include nine possible side effects from the coronavirus vaccine. In addition to pain and swelling on the arm where the injection is given, people may also experience redness. As for the systemic responses, the CDC added muscle pain and nausea to the list. Muscle pain is not to be confused with injection site pain.
These reactions are an indication that the immune system is responding to the perceived threat – the vaccine – and developing immunity. Coronavirus antibodies should appear approximately two weeks after the first injection and maximum protection is obtained approximately two weeks after the second injection.
The guidelines also provide helpful tips for dealing with the side effects. “Talk to your doctor about taking over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, or antihistamines, for pain and discomfort you may experience after being vaccinated,” the guidelines read. “You can use these drugs to relieve the side effects after vaccination if you have no other medical reasons that prevent you from taking these drugs normally.”
The CDC also reminds people that it is not recommended to take these drugs before vaccination to avoid the side effects.
After vaccination, people can use cool, wet cloths over the vaccine area to reduce pain and discomfort, and use or exercise the arm. Drinking a lot and dressing lightly can help with the general side effects that can occur. The CDC advises people to tell their doctor if these side effects don’t go away after a few days. If the redness or tenderness in the arm gets worse after 24 hours, people should also consider contacting a doctor.
The information from the CDC on coronavirus vaccine side effects is available at this link.
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