The footage shows the 68-year-old leaving a log cabin in a long sheepskin coat, undressing himself three times and immersing himself in a cruciform pool topped with an ice-carved crucifixion statue.
Temperatures in the Moscow region have been around -20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees Fahrenheit) for the past week.
Epiphany Day, celebrated on January 19, commemorates the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River. On Epiphany, water is considered sacred, and many people in Russia and Eastern Europe take a dip as a sign of their Orthodox Christian faith.
The tradition is widely believed to bring good health, strengthen the immune system, and wash away sins.
Putin’s blue swimsuit in the footage was spotted on Russian social media, given their resemblance to the missing blue underwear allegedly used to poison Navalny with Novichok nerve agent last year.